Mastering Ethereum Blockchain Glossary in 51 points

Mastering Ethereum Blockchain Glossary in 51 Points

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1. Account : contract account or an externally owned account (EOA)
2. Address : 160 bits of a Keccak hash of an ECDSA public key
3. Assert : In Solidity, assert(false) compiles to 0xfe, an invalid opcode, which uses up all remaining gas and reverts all changes. When an assert() statement fails, something very wrong and unexpected is happening
4. BIPs : Bitcoin Improvement Proposals
5. Bytecode : numeric format abstract instruction set designed for efficient execution by EVM
6. compiling: from high level programming language (solidity) to lower level language (EVM bytecode)
7. consensus: most nodes on the network have same blocks in locally validated blockchain
8. consensus rule: block validation rules that full nodes follow to stay in consensus with other nodes.
9. contract account: account containing code that executes whenever it receives a transaction from another account
10. contract creation transaction: zero address , no recipient, use to register contract on ETH blockchain
11. DAO : decentralized autonomous organization : operated without hierarchical management
12. DApp: decentralized application , smart contract + web user interface, webApp ontop of DAO
13. Deed : non-fungible token (NFT) , introduced by ERC721, tracked and traded, not interchangeable like ERC20 token, represent ownership of digital or physical assets
14. ECDSA: elliptic curve digital signature algorithm, used by ETH to ensure owner can only spend funds
15. EIP : ERC, Ethereum improvement proposal
16. ENS: Ethereum name service
17. Entropy: algorithms generate private key randomness using high entropy
18. EOA: all external account created by for human
19. Event: EVM logging, DApps listen for events and trigger JS callbacks in web user interface
20. EVM: ETH virtual machine, stack based , execute bytecode, give bytecode instruction to alter ETH system state
21. EVM assembly language: human- readable form of EVM bytecode
22. Fallback function: default function in absence of declared function name or data
23. finney: 1 ether = 10³ finney | 1 finney = 10¹⁵wei
24. Fork: protocol change, cause alternative chain creation, divert in two block path during mining
25. ETH Frontier: initial test dev stage of ETH, July 2015 to March 2016
26. Ganache: personal ETH blockchain, use to run tests, execute commands, inspect state, control how chain operates
27. Gas: virtual fuel to execute smart contract in ETH blockchain
28. Genesis block: first block in blockchain
29. Geth : Go Ethereum, written in Go
30. Hash: variable size input but fixed length fingerprint output
31. ICAP ; inter-exchange client address protocol , similar to IBAN of traditional bank account
32. immutable : can not change once contract deployed
33. Keccak-256 : cryptographic has function used in ETH like SHA-3
34. Library: no payable function, no fallback function, no data storage, can’t receive or hold or store data, other contracts can call for read only computation.
35. Mist; first ETH browser
36. Node: software client participates in the Network
37. Nonce: can only be used once
38. ommer: uncle, child block of an ancestor, but not itself an ancestor, orphaned blocks in ETH included in newer block
39. Proof of stake (PoS) : user prove ownership of a certain amount of cryptocurrency to be able to participate in validation of transactions
40. Proof of work (PoW): piece of data requires significant computation to find, miners must find a numeric solution to ethash algorithm
41. Receipt: data returned by Eth client, represent result of transaction, hash of transaction, block number, gas used, address of smart contract
42. Re-entrancy attack: attacker contract call victim contract in such a way that during execution victim contract calls the attacker contract again recursively skipping parts of victim contract that update balance or count withdrawal amount result theft of funds
43. serpent & Vyper: smart contract programming language syntax similar to python
44. singleton: single instance can exist
45. solidity: programming language used for blockchain smart contract by Dr. Gavin wood
46. swarm: p2p storage network
47. Szabo: 1 ether = 10⁶ szabo | 1 szabo = 10¹² wei
48. Truffle: most commonly used ETH development framework
49. Vitalik Buterin: Russian-Canadian programmer , cofounder of ETH and Bitcoin Magazine
50. wei : 1 ether = 10¹⁸wei , smallest denomination of ether
51. web3: The third version of the web, proposed by Dr. Gavin Wood, represents a new vision and focus for webApp, from centrally owned and managed TO decentralized protocols.

Copyright: “Mastering Ethereum by Andreas M. Antonopoulos and Dr. Gavin Wood (O’Reilly). Copyright 2019 The Ethereum Book LLC and Gavin Wood, 978–1–491–97194–9.”
https://github.com/ethereumbook/ethereumbook/blob/develop/preface.asciidoc

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